Thursday, November 24, 2016

Linux: Chapter2: Linux philosophy and Concepts

"Somebody is too thoughtful to choose between Money or Ethics", quoted by Kevin.

     Linux was created in 1991 by Linus Torvalds and in 1998, major companies like IBM and Oracle announced support for the Linux platform and began major development efforts as well. Today, Linux powers more than half of the servers on the Internet, the majority of smart-phones (via the Android system which is built on top of Linux), and nearly all of the world’s most powerful supercomputers.
********************  Special Thanks ********************
My university classmate, T of The Dragon, who keeps problem inside but show nothing 
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Linux Philosophy
      Linux borrows heavily from the UNIX operating system because it was written to be a free and open source version of UNIX. Files are stored in a hierarchical file system, with the top node of the system being root or simply "/". Let's say "/" directory contains all system files. Whenever possible, Linux makes its components available via files or objects that look like files. Processes, devices, and network sockets are all represented by file-like objects, and can often be worked with using the same utilities used for regular files.
      Linux is a fully multitasking (a method where multiple tasks are performed during the same period of time), multiuser operating system, with built-in networking and service processes known as daemons in the UNIX world. 
     If you are Oracle Administrator you might check whether Oracle processes or daemons are running by "ps -ef | grep pmon". This sample doesn't install Oracle so it found nothing.
     Technical skill and a desire to contribute are the only qualifications for participating the Linux community. One of the most powerful online user communities is www.linux.com. This site is hosted by the Linux Foundation and serves over one million unique visitors every month. It has active sections on:
  • News
  • Community discussion threads
  • Free tutorials and user tips
       Examples of other essential tools and ingredients provided by distributions include the C/C++ compiler, the gdb debugger, the core system libraries applications need to link with in order to run, the low-level interface for drawing graphics on the screen as well as the higher-level desktop environment, and the system for installing and updating the various components including the kernel itself.


Ubuntu(Debian Family) and Fedora are popular in the educational realm. 
CentOS is a popular free alternative to Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL)
Scientific Linux is favored by the scientific research community for its compatibility with scientific and mathematical software packages. 

      Notice: Both CentOS and Scientific Linux are binary-compatible with RHEL since RHEL is upstream of them as mentioned in previous chapter.

Summary
    • Linux borrows heavily from the UNIX operating system.
    • Linux accesses many features and services through files and file-like objects.
    • Linux is a fully multitasking, multiuser operating system, with built-in networking and service processes known as daemons.
    • Linux is developed by a loose confederation of developers from all over the world, collaborating over the Internet, with Linus Torvalds at the head. Technical skill and a desire to contribute are the only qualifications for participating.
    • The Linux community is a far reaching ecosystem of developers, vendors, and users that supports and advances the Linux operating system.
    • Some of the common terms used in Linux are: Kernel, Distribution(or Distro), Boot loader(GRUB and so on.), Service, Filesystem, X Window system, desktop environment, and command line.
    • A full Linux distribution consists of the kernel plus a number of other software tools for file-related operations, user management, and software package management.

Reference:
https://www.linuxfoundation.org

JAYz - { KevinChen 陳爱平}

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