Linux: Chapter3: Linux structure and Installation

"Sometimes we need to keep teachers' knowledges since they take time to find it", quoted by Kevin.

********************  Special Thanks ********************

 Thai "Guard" from a financial firm

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SECTION 1 Linux Filesystems

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Different Types of Filesystems Supported by Linux:

• Conventional disk filesystems: ext2, ext3, ext4, XFS, Btrfs, JFS, NTFS, etc.
• Flash storage filesystems: ubifs, JFFS2, YAFFS, etc.
• Database filesystems
• Special purpose filesystems: procfs, sysfs, tmpfs, debugfs, etc.

Partitions and Filesystems

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A comparison between filesystems in Windows and Linux is given in the following table:

	Windows	Linux
Partition	Disk1	/dev/sda1
Filesystem type	NTFS/FAT32	EXT3/EXT4/XFS...
Mounting Parameters	DriveLetter	MountPoint
Base Folder where OS is stored	C drive	/

The Filesystem Hierarchy Standard

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↞ Section break ↠

     Different approaches from different Distro families to find system stuffs by using Graphical User Interface(GUI). Below sample shows only one.

SECTION2 The boot process

POST (Power On Self Test) Process --> screen+keyboard+main memory

Master Boot Records (MBR) and Boot Loader

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Boot Loader in Action: The boot loader has two distinct stages:

First Stage:

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Second Stage:

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The Linux Kernel

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The Initial RAM Disk

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/sbin/init and Services

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Section 3: Choosing a Linux Distribution

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Linux Installation: Planning

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More About Planning in Linux Installation

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Linux Installation: Install Source

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Linux Installation: The Warning

IMPORTANT!

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↞ Summary ↠

• A partition is a logical part of the disk.
• A filesystem is a method of storing/finding files on a hard disk.
• By dividing the hard disk into partitions, data can be grouped and separated as needed. When a failure or mistake occurs, only the data in the affected partition will be damaged, while the data on the other partitions will likely survive.
• The boot process has multiple steps, starting with BIOS, which triggers the boot loader to start up the Linux kernel. From there the initramfs filesystem is invoked, which triggers the init program to complete the startup process.
• Determining the appropriate distribution to deploy requires that you match your specific system needs to the capabilities of the different distributions.

Reference:

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JAYz - { KevinChen 陳爱平}